Chapter Eight Continuation: An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere

In this section of the chapter something that they talked about was that the transcontinental interactions within the American web were more modest than those of the Afro-Eurasian hemisphere. Also the most intense areas of exchange and communication occurred within the Mississippi valley, Mesoamerican, and Andean regions. Also another thing that got my attention was that European explorers and travelers along the Amazon and Orinoco rivers of South America reported active networks of exchange that may well have operated for many centuries. This got my attention because it made me think that maybe the day we have that everything started exchanging are the the right ones. I say this because like I said before this explorers and travelers found something else.

Chapter Eight Continuation: Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara

Something that this section of the chapter was about and got my attention was that although the sparse populations of the desert were largely pastoral and nomadic, farther south lived agricultural people's. Those people grew a variety of crops, produced their own textiles, and metal products, and mined a considerable amount of gold. Another thing that got my attention was that the agriculture regions of sub-Saharan Africa are normally divided into two ecological zones. This got my attention because I got to learned what were the two ecological zones and what they did.

Chapter Eight Continuation: Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean

While reading this section of the chapter something that got my attention while reading it was the economic exchange in the Indian Ocean. This got my attention because I got to learn the regions everything was happening in. The regions that this exchanges where happening were Mediterranean basin, East Africa, Arabia, India, Southeast Asia, and China. Another thing that got my attention was the products contributed to India Ocean commerce. Some of the products were ceramics, glassware, ivory, gold, frankincense, grain, ivory, tin, silk, and much more. Those things got my attention because now I know how everything got to be exchange and share with other regions. 

Chapter Eight Continuation: Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia

Something that this chapter talked about was that the Eurasian landmass has long been home to the majority of humankind as well as to the world's most productive agriculture, largest civilizations, and greatest concentration of pastoral people. Another thing that this section talked about was about the economic exchange along the Silk Roads. When the book was talking about this it told us the region and the product contributed to Silk Road commerce. This got my attention because I got to see what things were the once contributing. Another thing that got my attention while reading this section was Buddhism spread across the silk roads from India to Center Asia, China, and beyond. This was something that this section was about.

Chapter Eight: Commerce and Culture

This section talked about what the chapter was going to be about. It gave us a short story about camels. It told us how the people will used the for. Another thing that got my attention while reading this was that long-distance trade also enabled elite groups in society to distinguish themselves from commoners by acquiring prestigious goods from a distance. This got my attention because it made me see that the people were smart enough to use there camels to transfer there belonging. 

Chapter Seven Continuation: North America in the Classical Era: From Chaco to Cahokia

This section of the chapter is the last one. Something that this section talked about and got my attention was about how the people used to lived. This got my attention because of all the things they will used to creat there houses. Also another thing that got my attention was how the groups that were divided made themselves get known. Well only two did and the other one didn't. The two that got known well were the Mesoamerican and the Andean regions. This was what this part of the section was about.

Chapter Seven Continuation: Civilization of the Andes

This section was about civilization. Some of the regions that this section talked about was about the Chavin and the Moche. It explain to us how they used to work and how everything started with them. Another thing that they talked about is how they both used to work with each other. What am trying to say by this is that they both were involved with each other. Another thing that this section talks about is about there stuff. What I mean is that they book told us how they started creating things that we now have in this century. That is what this section of the book that's about.

Chapter Seven Continuation: Civilization of Mesoamerica

In this section of the reading they talked about Mesoamerica. Something that the reading talked about and got my attention was that Mesoamerica was also a distinct region. In that region they bounded together by elements of a common culture. Another thing that this section talked about was about the Maya's. The reading told us how there writing was and how everything worked out for them to write. Something that really got my attention was when the section started talking about the Teotihuacan. This got my attention because I knew a little about them. But since I read about them now I know more about those people.

Chapter Seven Continuation: South of the Equator: The World of Bantu Africa

This section of the book talks about the Khoikhoi of South Africa. Something that this section told us about was that the Khoikhoi people of South Africa were originally gatherers and hunters. They adopted cattle and sheep raising from outside. Also another thing that this section told us about the Khoikhoi was that they illustrate the interaction and selective cultural borrowing that took place among the various peoples of the region. This got my attention because I got to learned something about the Khoikhoi do South Africa.

Chapter Seven Continuation: Along the Niger River: Cities without States

This section talked about the Niger River. Something that got my attention and was mention on the reading was that Egypt, China, the Roman Empire, or Axum were Niger urban centers. These Niger urban centers were not encompassed within some larger imperial system. Nor were they like the city-states of ancient Mesopotamia, but according to a leading historian of the region they were "cities without citadels". This got my attention because i got the opportunity to learned what this states were.

Chapter Seven Continuation: The African Northeast

In this section of the chapter something that the chapter talked about was that during the classical era and older African civilizations such as Egypt and Nubia persisted and changed. They did that while new civilizations emerged in Axum and the Niger River valley. Also in south of the equator the Bantu-speaking peoples spread rapidly and created many new societies and identities. Another thing that this section talked about was during the fourth through the six centure C.E., Axum mounted a campaign of imperial expansions that took its forces into the Kingdom of Meroe and across the Red Sea into Yemen in South Arabia.

Chapter Seven: Classical Era Variations

In this section of the chapter something that attracted my attention was a snapshot of the Continental Population in the Classical Era3. It got my attention because it gave us the name of the states with there population. Also another thing was that it gave us the area of it. Another thing that this section talked about and got my attention was during the classical era, older African civilization such as Egypt and Nubia persisted and changed while new civilization emerged in Axum and the Niger River valley. Also south of the equator the Bantu-speaking peoples spread rapidly and created many new societies and identities in the are.This got my attention because it showed me how people will great societies and how they will manage to keep them under control.

Chapter Six Continuation: Comparing Patriarchies of the Classical Era

While reading this section I knew it was really going to get my attention. Am saying this because it talks about what women's will do and how they will maintain there families alive. Women's back in the classical era were different from the ones today. Something that got my attention while I read this section was that for a long time, the spinning and weaving of cloth were part of women's domestic work in china. Also another thing that got my attention was that woman will work as a team to help one another survive. This got my attention because back in the ancient ear woman were not treated the same as man.

Chapter Six Continuation: Slavery in the Classical Era: The Case of the Roman Empire

This section of the chapter it talked about slavery. Something that attracted my attention while reading this section was that in some societies, the children of slaves inherited the status of their parents, while in others, such as the Aztec Empire, they were considered free people. Another thing that got my attention while reading this section, the classical civilization of Eurasia differed considerably in the prominence and extent of slavery in their societies. Something else that this section talked about was that they compared Greco-Roman and American Slavery to each other. They told us the source of slaves, race, manumission, roles/work, and the fate of slavery. The section explain all of those things in such detail that it wasn't hard to understand.

Chapter Six Continuation: Class and Caste in India

In this section of the chapter they talked about social life and duty in classical India. Something that they told us was personal behavior in classical India was regulated according to caste. Each caste was associated with a particular color, part of the body of the god Purusha, and with a set of duties. Another thing that they told us was that the caste behavior was defined in term of four stages of life. Each new stage was marked by a "samskara". Samskara was a ritual initiating the person into this new phase of life. Everything that I mansion got my attention because I got to learned how the Indians used to do there things back in the days.

Chapter Six Continuation: Society and the State in Classical China

In his section of this book,the book talks about the land lord class in China. Something that got my attention while reading this part was that one of the most dramatic state efforts to counteract the growing power of large landowners is associated with Wang Mang. Wang Mang is a high court official of the Han dynasty who usurped the emperor's throne in 8 C.E. and immediately launched a series of startling reforms. Another thing that got my attention while reading this section of the book was that Wang Mang was a believer in Confucian good government. This got my attention because it gave a clue on how he was. What am trying to say here is that by this I know that Mang was not a bad person but a good one. That's why this got my attention. 

Chapter Six: Eurasian Social Hierarchies

In this section of this book it started chapter six. In this section they tell us what the the chapter is going to be about. While I was reading it I notice that it was talking about China and India. That give me a clue that this chapter is going to be about two states. That means I am going to be interesting because I don't really know much about China and I hope this reading helps me know things now.

Chapter Five Continuation: Comparing Jesus and Buddha

In this section of the book, the book compares Jesus and the Buddha. They compare how different they are from each other and how similar they are to each other as well. Another thing that this chapter or section should I say, talk about the lives of the founders. Something that they told us about there lives was that Jesus and Buddha called for the personal transformation of the followers, through "letting go" of the grasping that causes suffering , in the Buddha's teaching, or "losing one's life in order to save it" in the language of Jesus. Another thing this section talked about was how they established new religions. Also, how they created institutions and how everything went down. Those things in this section got my attention because now I get how something happen in my personal religion believes.

Chapter Five Continuation: The Culture Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order

In this section I learned so many things. One thing that I learned in this section was that the distinctive feature of the Classical Greek culture tradition waste willingness of many Greek intellectuals to abandon this mythological framework. Another thing that I learned while reading this section was about the Greek legacy. I got to learn how they used to write. Also how everything started for the to start writing. This got my attention because I got the chance to learned how the Greek writing started. Also another thing that I read in this section was a reflection on human love from Mediterranean Civilization. That was also interesting.

Chapter Five Continuation:Moving toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East

In this section they talked about the Zoroastrianism. In this section they told us everything that we wanted to know about the Zoroastrianism. Something that they told us about Zoroastrianism was that Zarathustra recast the traditional Persian polytheism into a vision of a single unique god, Ahura Mazda, who ruled the world and was the source of all truth, light, and goodness. Another thing this section talked about was about Judaism. They also told us everything that we will like to know about that religion. This section got my attention because I got the change to know more about the Judaism.

Chapter Five Continuation: Culture Traditions of Classical India

In this section they talked about the South Asia Religion. It told us a little something about there religion. Something else that this section told us was how the South Asia Religion went from ritual sacrifice to philosophical speculation. It explain to us in such details how everything went down. Also another thing that this section told us about was about the Buddhist challenge. Something else that this section told us was that Buddhism was a simplified and more accessible version of Hinduism. The last thing this chapter talked about was about the Hinduism as a religion of duty and devotion. In this section of the book I was a little confuse on what was going on but then I got it clearly, and I wasn't confuse anymore.

Chapter Five Continuation: China and the Search for Order

In this section I read about China. Something that this section told us was that China had a tradition of state building that historians have traced back to around 2000B.C.E. or before. Another thing that this section told us was that Confucianism became the central element of the educational system. This prepared student for the series of examination required to gain official positions. Also it told us that in those examinations the candidates were required to apply the principles of Confucianism to specific situations that they might encounter once in office. This got my attention because it made me see that education was important back then as well.

Chapter Five: Eurasian Cultural Tradition

In this section I learned about the thinkers and philosophies of the classical era. I learned more things about those people. Something that I learned while reading it was the date they started. Also there location of we're they did there work. In this section I thought it was really interesting. It was really interesting because it explain to the reader very carefully everything about them. Also the people that were mention in this section are the ones that this section is going to be talking about. It tell us a little ore about them. It does that so that we can learned more and more things about them. Well this was what this section was about. 

Chapter Four Continuation: Intermittent Empire: The Case of India

In this section they talked about the political events and problems they were having back then. Something that this section told us was that shortly after Ashoka's death, the Mauryan Empire broke apart into a more common Indian pattern of competing regional states that rose and fell with some regularity. Also another thing that they told us was that Indian's political history thus resembled that of Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire far more than that of China or Persia. This got my attention because it made me think that the stuff that was going on back then weren't so great. They weren't and I say this because of all the things that were going on. A lot of the people weren't agreeing with the things that were going on and some did. That would become a problem. Well that is what I think of this.

Chapter Four Continuation: Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese

In this section of the book they talked about how they compared the empires. There were two empires that this section compare. The two were the Romans and Chinese. They told us home Rome went from warring states to empire. Another thing that they told us was how the collapse of e empires happen. All those things this section explain them with details. This got my attention because I got to learned how everything went down with good details. That was what this chapter was about.

Chapter Four: Eurasian Empires: Empires and Civilization in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks

In this chapter they started it by asking us a question if we were Rome. Then it explain the question. Another thing that this section talked about was about the Persian Empire. Something that this section told us about was that the Persian Empire was that the largest and most impressive of the world's empires was that of the Persians. It was an Indo-European people whose homeland lay on the Iranian plateau just north of the Persian Golf. Another thing that this chapter talked about was the Greeks. In this section they told us how the Greeks did there things and how they manage to do things for this world. This got my attention because the Greeks made history in the world. That was what this chapter or section should I say, was about.  

Chapter Three Continuation: Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt

In this section of the book they compare the Mesopotamians and the Egypt to each other. Something else that they talked about was about their civilization. The book told us that the civilization of both Mesopotamia and Egypt grew up in river valley and depended on their rivers to sustain a productive agriculture in otherwise arid lands. Another interesting things that this section told us was that the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers gave life to Mesopotamian civilization. In Egypt the culture developed in a more "stable, predictable, and beneficent environment". That produced a rather more cheerful and hopeful outlook on the world. Those things from this section got my attention because I feel that I learned something about the Mesopotamian people and the Egypt's people. 

Chapter Three Continuation: The Rise of the State

In this section of chapter three they talked about the writing in ancient civilization. It told us where it was located, the type, the initial use, an example, and a comment about the writing. Some of the locations it gave us were Egypt, Summer, Andean, Indus River Valley, China, and Olmec. Also the example it gave us were like drawings of things. What am trying to say by this is that for example if you wanted to write an horse you would had to draw it instead. Another thing that this section talked about was about the Olmec Head. Something that it oldies was that there head were almost or were to six feet high and five feet wide. I think that was something amazing. I think this because we never see things like those heads now a days.

Chapter Three Continuation: The Erosion of Equality

In this section of the book they talked about the hierarchies.  Something that the book talked about a lot was about there civilization. One thing that really got my attention about them was that at the bottom of the social hierarchies there were slaves. Another thing that they told us was that the practice of slavery in ancient times varied considerably from place to place. In Egypt and the Indus Valley civilizations initially had far fewer slaves than did Mesopotamia.  That was highly militarized. Another thing that the book talked about and got my attention was when they talked about the hierarchies gender. This section told us that the women were engaged in spinning, weaving, and making pots.  That got my attention because by reading this it made me think that women back then and the women now are so different from each other. We are so different because now we are more out there and back then we weren't.

Chapter Three: Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations

In this section the book talks  about how the first civilizations happen. Something that the book tells us is that the earliest civilizations happened around 3,500B.C.E. to 3,000B.C.E. Another thing that i learned and that got my attention while I read this section was that the first six civilizations emerged independently in locations scattered across the planet. This happened from 3,500 to 1,000B.C.E. Another thing that this section talks about is that it explains how the civilizations started to developed. It tells us how they worked and what they did to make a different in this world that we now live in. It also tells us the name of them and how they are different to each other. This got my attention because I got to learned a little of each of the civilizations that were developing. 

Chapter Two Continuation: Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture

In this section I learned how the societies worked. There were different societies. The societies that they had were the pastoral societies and the agricultural village societies. Something that I learned from the pastoral societies was that animals had an important roll with them. The animals provided meat, pulling power, transportation and manure. Another thing that I learned and that got my attention from this reading was that animal husbandly also made a possible pastoral societies which were largely dependent on their domesticated animals. Something that I learned from the agricultural village societies was that their societies retained much of the equality and freedom of gathering and hunting communities, as they continue to do without kings, chiefs, bureaucrats, or aristocracies. That got my attention because it made it different from the pastoral societies. It gave me better meaning on how to set them apart.

Chapter Two Continuation: The Globalization of Agriculture

As I read this section I learned that corn had a great significant in the history of agriculture. Corn with in the years flourished the agriculture.  It spread all over the world.  The corn farming was introduce in New England in 1,000 C.E. Then after that it spread to Europe, Africa, and Asia.  Another thing that I learned while I was readying this section was that some combination of diffusion and migration took the original agricultural package of Southwest Asia and spread it widely into Europe, Central Asia, Egypt, and North Africa.  This happen between 6500 and 4000 B.C.E.  Another thing that I learned from this section was that agriculture also imposed constraints on human communities. When this happen lots of things change. But those things change in a good way.  This things that I just told you got my attention because all these things made a different in this world that we now live in.

Chapter Two Continuation: Comparing Agricultural Beginnings

In this section they talked about how they compare the beginning of agriculture. Something that they told us in this section was that the Agricultural Revolution coincided with the end of the last Ice Age.  That was like a process of global warming that began some 16,000 years ago.  Something that I learned that the people did when all this was happening was that they had to learned to make use of a large number of plants and to hunt and eat both small and large animals. With that they will creat a  archeologist call a "broad spectrum diet". That was something really interesting that I learned while I was reading this section.  Another thing that I learned while I read this section was that thousands of years of selective adaptation were required to develop a sufficiently large cob and number of kernels to sustain a productive agriculture. That was what I learned and understood of the reading I made in this section.

Chapter Two: The Agricultural Revolution in World History

In this section they talked about how a second global pattern began to unfold.  It was called the Neolithic or Agricultural Revolution.  This was referred to be the deliberate cultivation of particular plants as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals. They tell us how they started using animals as they survival.  They used them as a form to still live.  What am trying to say by this is that they used animals to feed themselves.  Basically, animals were transformed as selective breeding produced  sheep that grew more wool, cows that gave more milk, and chickens that laid more eggs than their wild counterparts. People started using what surround them to survive back in the days. This section got my attention because it thought me how humankind will do to survive and how we started to use animals as our food.  That was what I understood of the reading I just did.

Chapter One Continuation: Comparing Paleolithic Societies

In this section the book talks about comparing Paleolithic societies with other themselves. What am trying to say by this is that the book compares the little groups that the Paleolithic people made between themselves. Also the book talks about the San people.  Something that the book told us about the San people was that were they were located.  They are located in the northern fringe of the Kalahari Desert, in Angola, Namibia, and Botswana lies the country of the San people.  Another thing that the book told us about them was that the San people are linked to an ancient culture tradition that is deeply rooted in the Africa past. This section of the book got some of my attention. It got my attention because I didn't know nothing about the San people and now that i read this section I now know something about them. 

Chapter One Continuation: The Ways We Were

As I read "the ways we were" I learned that there was a culture that started developing in the world.  They were called Paleolithic people. The Paleolithic people created a multitude of separate and distinct societies. The societies had there own history, culture, language, identity, stories, and rituals. The first humans societies were small and because they were small they relationship between all of them were super close to each other. There economy and  there environment was kind of hard at first but then they got used to the fact they need to work with each other to achieve what they wanted.  The traditions started to change. Paleolithic culture changed over time as people moved into new environments. Also as population slowly grew the climates of the people were so different from each other. This section made me think and made me be thankful with what my parents give me. I feel this way because people back then was not easy for them to have what they had back then. That's one reason why I felt this way while I read this section.

Chapter One: Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migration

As I started reading this chapter I notice that this chapter was going to be about how everything started in our world. How things were going to work?  By readying this I discovered and learned that everything started in Africa. Africa had the most experience story happening with the first 150,000 year or more humans that lived there. Africa also was a place where "human revolution" and "culture" occurred. Humankind started to migrate to different places because they found new lands. They started to move into Eurasia, Australia, and the islands of the Pacific. When humans migrated out of Africa it led them first to the Middle East and from there westward into Europe about 40,000 years ago and eastward into Asia. From there they migrated to Australia, America, and to the Pacific. Something that I learned was that from all those migrations history started to bigger and stories also started.  This really got my attention because now I know that lands started to become famous because people started to migrate to them.

Testing It

Yay - I'm done!